treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare, but life-threatening, idiosyncratic reaction to neuroleptic medications that is characterized by fever, muscular rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic dysfunction. NMS often occurs shortly after the initiation of neuroleptic treatment, or after dose increases. Signs and symptoms The key to diagnosis is that NMS occurs only after exposure to an neuroleptic drug. On average, onset is 4-14 days after the start of therapy; 90% of cases occur within 10 days. However, NMS can occur years into therapy. Once the syndrome starts, it usually evolves over 24-72 hours. Cardinal features are as follows: Severe muscular rigidity Hyperthermia (temperature >38°C) Autonomic instability Changes in the level of consciousness

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